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Randomized Controlled Trial
doi: 10.1111/mcn.13377.
Epub 2022 May 19.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Matern Child Nutr.
2022 Jul.
Free PMC article
Abstract
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months has established benefits, yet had slow improvements globally. Little is known about electronic job aid-assisted counselling to support EBF. As a secondary outcome of a cluster randomized controlled trial in Bangladesh, we assessed the effect of electronic job aid-supported nutrition counselling and practical demonstration on EBF. We randomized pregnant women to one of five study arms in the trial and followed mother-child dyads until 2 years of age. Community health workers (CHWs) provided breastfeeding counselling with or without prenatal and complementary nutrient supplements in all four intervention arms. The comparison arm continued with the usual practice where mothers could receive nutrition counselling at routine antenatal and postnatal care, and during careseeking for childhood illnesses. We assessed breastfeeding indicators at birth and monthly until the child was 6 months old, in both intervention and comparison arms. To evaluate the effect of nutrition counselling on breastfeeding, we combined all four intervention arms and compared them with the comparison arm. Intervention newborns had half the risk (relative risk [RR]: 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39, 0.76) of receiving prelacteal feeds than those in the comparison arm. EBF declined steeply in the comparison arm after 3 months of age. EBF was 16% higher in the intervention than the comparison arm at 4 months (RR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.23) and 22% higher at 5 months of age (RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.33). Maternal background and household characteristics did not modify the intervention effect, and we observed no difference in EBF among caesarean versus vaginal births. Breastfeeding counselling and practical demonstration using an electronic job aid by CHWs are promising interventions to improve EBF and are scalable into existing community-based programmes.
Keywords:
breastfeeding; cluster randomised controlled trial; community health workers; community-based; counselling; low- and middle-income countries; mHealth; newborn feeding behaviours.
© 2022 International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b). Maternal & Child Nutrition published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Conflict of interest statement
The author declare no conflict of interest.
Figures
Figure 1
Trial profile including study arms and participants.
Figure 2
Effect of nutrition counselling and practical demonstration on initial breastfeeding practices. EIBF, initiation of breastfeeding within 1 h of birth; ∞, information missing: EIBF (n = 13), colostrum feeding (n = 5), prelacteal feeding (n = 5); relative risk (RR) > 1 is favourable intervention effect for EIBF and colostrum feeding, and RR < 1 is favourable intervention effect for prelacteal feeding.
Figure 3
Infants aged 1‐5 months were (a) exclusively breastfed, (b) predominantly breastfed (breastfeeding with other non‐milk liquids), (c) Breastfed and received other milk, (d) introduced to complementary food, by study arm. Breastfeeding categories (a,b,c) and introduction to complementary food (d) are mutually exclusive.
Figure 4
Effect of nutrition counselling and practical demonstration on exclusive breastfeeding among infants aged 1–5 months.
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